There are many type of steels, which differ from each other in the corrosion resistance, which is provided by a specific factor. According to the chemical composition, the stainless steels are classified at ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and austenitic-ferritic.

Ferritic

This steel is magnetic and sufficiently ductile. The higher content of chromium increases its corrosion resistance, which in oxidizing environments is higher than for martensitic steel. It is used in the chemical industry, in a nitric acid environment, in transportation, climate control, and architecture. It is not suitable in welded structures.

Martensitic

The corrosion resistance is low and drops with increasing temperature. Resistance to atmospheric corrosion is sufficient only in very clean air.

Austenitic

It has high corrosion resistance in all basic classes, and it can be increased by adding molybdenum and copper. An important feature is its ductility and toughness.

Austenitic-ferritic (Duplex)

It is made from conventional austenitic steel by increasing the chromium content and decreasing the nickel content. This steel therefore has several special properties. Welding is more demanding.

Stainless steel qualities and equivalents:

  USA Germany Czech republic
DIN W. Nr. ASTM ASME AISI DIN 17 440 DIN 17 441 CSN ekvivalent
1.4000 410S X6Cr13 17 020
1.4016 430 X6Cr17 17 040
1.4301 304 X5CrNi18 10 17 240
1.4307 304L X2CrNi18 9
1.4306 304L X2CrNi19 11 17 249
1.4310 301 X12CrNi17 7
1.4305 303 X8CrNiS 18-9 17 243
1.4404 316L X2CrNiMo17 13 2 17 349
1.4406 316LN X2CrNiMoN17 12 2
1.4435 316L X2CrNiMo18 14 3 17 350
1.4436 316 X5CrNiMo17 13 3 17 352
1.4438 317L X2CrNiMo18 16 4
1.4462 S31803 X2CrNiMoN22 5
1.4512 409 X6CrTi12
1.4541 321 X6CrNiTi18 11 17 248
1.4571 316Ti X6CrNiMoTi17 12 2 17 348
1.4828 X15CrNiSi20 12 17 251
1.4833 309S X7CrNi23 14
1,4845 310S X12CrNi25 17 255

Chemical compositon in % at selected steels:

Quality C Cr Ni Mn Mo Ti Si
DIN 1.4000 ČSN 17020 < 0,08 12,0 – 14,0 < 1,0
DIN 1.4016 ČSN 17 040 < 0,08 15,5 – 17,5 < 1,0
DIN 1.4301 ČSN 17 240 < 0,07 17,5 – 19,5 8,0-10,5 < 2,0
DIN 1.4306 ČSN 17 249 < 0,03 18,0 – 20,0 10,0-12,0 < 2,0
DIN 1.4307 < 0,03 17,5 – 19,5 8,0-10,5 < 2,0
DIN 1.4305 ČSN 17 243 < 0,10 17,0 – 19,0 8,0-10,0 < 2,0
DIN 1.4404 ČSN 17 349 < 0,03 16,5 – 18,5 10,0-13,0 < 2,0 2,0-2,5
DIN 1.4435 ČSN 17350 < 0,03 17,0 – 18,5 12,5-15,0 < 2,0 2,5-3,0
DIN 1.4436 ČSN 17352 < 0,07 16,5 – 18,5 11,0-14,0 < 2,0 2,5-3,0
DIN 1.4512 < 0,02 11,0 – 12,0 < 0,5 < 1,0 6xC – 0,5
DIN 1.4541 ČSN 17248 < 0,08 17,0 – 19,0 9,0-12,0 < 2,0 5xC – 0,8
DIN 1.4571 ČSN 17348 < 0,08 16,5 – 18,5 10,5-13,5 < 2,0 2,0-2,5 5xC – 0,8
DIN 1.4828 ČSN 17 251 < 0,07 19,0 – 21,0 11,0-13,0 < 2,0 1,5 – 1,7
DIN 1.4833 < 0,07 22,0 – 23,0 12,0-14,0 < 2,0
DIN 1.4845 ČSN 17255 < 0,07 24,0 – 26,0 19,0-21,0 < 2,0

Surface quality:

EN DIN AISI Appearance
1D Ila 1D ketallic pure, hot rolled, annealed, pickled
2D lllb 2D matt, cold rolled, annealed, pickled
2B lllc 2B matt glossy, cold rolled, annealed, pickled, skinpassed
2R llld BA mirror glossy, bright annealed
2G IV K 320 grinded
2J V SB brushed

Mechanical properties:

Quality Strength Yield limit Elongation Weldability Elongation – forming Corrosion resistance max. T application
Rm (Mpa) RP0,1 (Mpa) RP0,2 (Mpa) A 50 (50%)
1.4016 450-600 280 20 2 2 2 100°C
1.4301 540-750 260 230 45 3 5 3 400°C
1.4306 520-670 250 220 45 5 4 4 650°C
1.4307 520-700 250 220 45 4 5 4 400°C
1.4401 530-680 270 240 40 4 3 5 500°C
1.4404 530-680 270 240 40 5 4 5 400°C
1.4435 550-700 270 240 40 5 4 5 400°C
1.4436 550-700 270 240 40 5 4 5 400°C
1.4512 380-560 220 25 3 3 3 100°C
1.4541 520-720 250 220 40 5 3 4 400°C
1.4571 540-690 270 240 40 5 3 5 450°C
1.4828 500-750 230 22 4 2 4 1000°C
1.4833 500-750 210 26 4 2 4 1050°C
1.4845 500-750 210 26 4 2 4 1100°C

1 – unsuitable       2 – sufficient       3 – good       4 – very good       5 – excellent